You can do many custom configurations for your site with the use of the .htaccess file. This is a plain text file that should be placed in your home directory on your site to achieve a variety of effects.
Included in this page are many directives you can use to do things like serve a custom .html page when a user types in a nonexistent page on your site rather than the default 404 error message.
To use these features, you will need to create a file named .htaccess in a plain ASCII editor, such as Windows notepad. Insert a line for the directive you wish to use from the list below. When you are finished, upload the file to your home directory. This is the root directory on your site (above the /www).
If you wish to password protect a directory, please use our web form under the 'password protection' link on http://help.mindspring.com/webhelp/
Apache directives
Action
Syntax: Action mime-type cgi-script
This directive adds an action, which will activate cgi-script when a file of content type mime-type is requested. It sends the URL and file path of the requested document using the standard CGI PATH_INFO and PATH_TRANSLATED environment variables.
AddDescription
Syntax: AddDescription string file file...
This sets the description to display for a file, for FancyIndexing. File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card expression or full filename for files to describe. String is enclosed in double quotes (").
Example:
AddDescription "The planet Mars" /web/pics/mars.gif
AddEncoding
Syntax: AddEncoding mime-enc extension extension...
The AddEncoding directive adds to the list of filename extensions which filenames may end in for the specified encoding type. Mime-enc is the mime encoding to use for documents ending in extension.
Examples:
AddEncoding x-gzip gz
AddEncoding x-compress Z
This will cause files ending in .gz to be marked as encoded using the x-gzip encoding, and .Z files to be marked as encoded with x-compress.
AddIcon
Syntax: AddIcon icon name name ...
This sets the icon to display next to a file ending in name for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext,url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.
Name is either ^^DIRECTORY^^ for directories, ^^BLANKICON^^ for blank lines (to format the list correctly), a file extension, a wildcard expression, a partial filename or a complete filename.
Examples:
AddIcon (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) .gif .jpg .xbm
AddIcon /icons/dir.xbm ^^DIRECTORY^^
AddIcon /icons/backup.xbm *~
AddIconByType should be used in preference to AddIcon, when possible.
AddIconByEncoding
Syntax: AddIconByEncoding icon mime-encoding mime-encoding ...
This sets the icon to display next to files with mime-encoding for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext,url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.
Mime-encoding is a wildcard expression matching required the content-encoding.
Example:
AddIconByEncoding /icons/compress.xbm x-compress
AddIconByType
Syntax: AddIconByType icon mime-type mime-type ...
This sets the icon to display next to files of type mime-type for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon, or of the format (alttext,url) where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.
Mime-type is a wildcard expression matching required the mime types.
Example:
AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) image/*
AddType
Syntax: AddType type ext
Context: .htaccess
The AddType directive allows you to add a mime type to your site.
Example:
AddType application/x-httpd-xx xx
AuthDBMUserFile
Syntax: AuthDBMUserFile filename
The AuthDBMUserFile directive sets the name of a DBM file containing the list of users and passwords for user authentication. Filename is the absolute path to the user file.
The user file is keyed on the username. The value for a user is the crypt() encrypted password, optionally followed by a colon and arbitrary data. The colon and the data following it will be ignored by the server.
Security: make sure that the AuthDBMUserFile is stored outside the document tree of the web-server; do not put it in the directory that it protects. Otherwise, clients will be able to download the AuthDBMUserFile.
Important compatibility note: The implementation of "dbmopen" in the apache modules reads the string length of the hashed values from the DBM data structures, rather than relying upon the string being NULL-appended. Some applications, such as the Netscape web server, rely upon the string being NULL-appended, so if you are having trouble using DBM files interchangeably between applications this may be a part of the problem.
See also AuthName, AuthType and AuthDBMGroupFile.
ErrorDocument
Syntax: ErrorDocument error-code document
In the event of a problem or error, Apache can be configured to do one of four things,
- behave like NCSA httpd 1.3
- output a customized message
- redirect to a local URL to handle the problem/error
- redirect to an external URL to handle the problem/error
2-4 are configured using ErrorDocument, which is followed by the HTTP response code and a message or URL.
Messages in this context, begin with a single quote ("), which does not form part of the message itself. Apache will sometime offer additional information regarding the problem/error.
URLs will begin with a slash (/) for local URLs, or will be a full URL which the client can resolve.
Examples:
ErrorDocument 500 /cgi-bin/tester
ErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/bad_urls.pl
ErrorDocument 401 http://www2.foo.bar/subscription_info.html
ErrorDocument 403 "Sorry can't allow you access today
Syntax: ...
The directive provides for access control by filename. It is comparable to the directive and directives. It should be matched with a directive. Directives that apply to the filename given should be listed within. sections are processed in the order they appear in the configuration file, after the sections and .htaccess files are read, but before sections.
The filename argument should include a filename, or a wild-card string, where `?' matches any single character, and `*' matches any sequences of characters. Extended regular expressions can also be used, with the addition of the ~ character.
For example:
would match most common Internet graphics formats.
Note that unlike and sections, sections can be used inside .htaccess files. This allows users to control access to their own files, at a file-by-file level. When used in an .htaccess file, if the filename does not begin with a / character, the directory being applied will be prefixed automatically.
Redirect
Syntax: Redirect [ status ] url-path url
The status argument is only available in Apache 1.2 or later.
The Redirect directive maps an old URL into a new one. The new URL is returned to the client which attempts to fetch it again with the new address. Url-path a (%-decoded) path; any requests for documents beginning with this path will be returned a redirect error to a new (%-encoded) url beginning with url.
Example:
Redirect /service http://foo2.bar.com/service
If the client requests http://myserver/service/foo.txt, it will be told to access http://foo2.bar.com/service/foo.txt instead.
Note: Redirect directives take precedence over Alias and ScriptAlias directives, irrespective of their ordering in the configuration file. Also, Url-path must be an absolute path, not a relative path, even when used with .htaccess files or inside of sections.
If no status argument is given, the redirect will be "temporary" (HTTP status 302). This indicates to the client that the resources is has moved temporarily. The status argument can be used to return other HTTP status codes:
permanent
- Returns a permanent redirect status (301) indicating that the resource has moved permanently.
temp
- Returns a temporary redirect status (302). This is the default.
seeother
- Returns a "See Other" status (303) indicating that the resource has been replaced.
gone
- Returns a "Gone" status (410) indicating that the resource has been permanently removed. When this status is used the url argument should be omitted.
Other status codes can be returned by giving the numeric status code as the value of status. If the status is between 300 and 399, the url argument must be present, otherwise it must be omitted. Note that the status must be known to the Apache code (see the function send_error_response in http_protocol.c).
RedirectTemp
Syntax: RedirectTemp url-path url
This directive makes the client know that the Redirect is only temporary. (Status 302). Exactly equivalent to Redirect temporary
RedirectPermanent
Syntax: RedirectPermanent url-path url
Context: directory, .htaccess
This directive makes the client know that the Redirect is permanent. (Status 301). Exactly equivalent to Redirect permanent
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